Even when establish it is like the guy was in fact absent, and although live it’s since if the guy was lifeless
Log of the Western China People 58: 235-40. Going representations regarding Mani otherwise Manes, c. 216-276 Le, try discussed, which have thought of the customs noted of the al-Nadim (creating c. 987 Ce) that Mani is actually lame both in base or in his best leg. You to culture might be backed by retranslation out of an expression in the the latest Pahlavi Denkart (step 3.2 hundred, 1-13) (pick Dinkard, above), applying the name ‘broken’ or ‘crippled’ so you’re able to Mani (come across lower than, al-Nadim, Fihrist, pp. 773, 794).
Al-JAHIZ (Abu Othman Amr bin Bahr). Al-Barsan wal-Argan wal-Umyan wal-Hawlan [The fresh Lepers, the fresh Lame, the latest Blind, and Squinting], ed. Abdel-Salam Haroun (1998). Cairo. Al-Jahiz (776-868) is actually a prolific, important and you may rather unappealing writer having ‘goggle eyes’ (jahiz), at Basra (today within the Iraq), beautiful girls in Ko samui in Thailand whose performs might have been far quoted across the Arab industry. Right here, predicated on Michael Dols, he chatted about “bodily infirmities such as for example epidermis issues, lameness, paralysis, and you may deafness and personal services for example balding, leanness, and you may ugliness.” His aim would be to demonstrate that “actual infirmities and you will peculiarities do not hinder an individual from getting a totally effective person in the newest Muslim society otherwise club your away from important offices. Al-Jahiz maintained one actual conditions commonly public stigmas however they are exactly what may be entitled signs and symptoms of divine true blessing otherwise favor.” (M Dols, 1983, This new leper in the Gothic Islamic community. Speculum 58: 891-916, towards p. 901) Even with his personal experience of negative public responses, al-Jahiz in one of his finest-identified work, ‘The Magic regarding Creation’, penned harshly regarding the social aspects of deafness. Besides the deaf individuals death of sounds, “People are annoyed inside the business in which he was an encumbrance on them. He’s struggling to tune in to any of the man’s stories and you will talks. ” (cited because of the F. Haj, Disability during the Antiquity, q.v., p. 159). A different sort of commentator cards one “Al-Barsan wal-Argan. ” is one of hard works by Jahiz, and its particular thing is nearly book in historical Arabic literature. (Around will not seem to be an English interpretation offered by present).
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JAIN, Jagdish C (1947) Life in the Ancient Asia as Portrayed on the Jain Canons. Bombay: The newest Book Company. Infection and you may treatment, and some handicaps, out of Jaina supplies (pp. 178-81). People with disabilities, and additionally mental retardation, is excluded out of joining spiritual purchases (194). Discover Tattvartha Sutra, below; as well as 2nd a couple situations).
[JAINA Texts] Gaina Sutras translated regarding Prakrit, transl. Hermann Jacobi, dos vols, (1884 and you will 1895), SBE twenty-two & 45, Oxford: Clarendon. [The newest SBE series utilized an enthusiastic italicised ‘G’ in place of ‘J’, definitely explanations. Right here ‘Gaina’ could have been reinserted on the regular alphabetical order for convenience.] – The newest Akaranga Sutra (inside vol. I), out of probably the fifth century Le, provided classes to have a great holy and you may innocuous lives. Impairment and you can disability come, age.g. “on destruction of your own attitudes of the ear canal, attention, areas out of smell, tasting, coming in contact with, a person will get aware of the brand new decline off lifestyle” (vol. I: p. 15) [Bk I (2) 1]. Fruit out of incorrect serves inside the prior to lifetime are: “Boils and you will leprosy, application, shedding problems, loss of sight and you will stiffness, lameness and you may humpbackedness, Dropsy and you can dumbness, look! apoplexy (?) and you can attention-condition, moving and you will crippledness, elephantiasis and all forms of diabetes, These are the 16 diseases specified during the due buy; along with them many conditions and you may wounds occur.” (I: 54) [Bk I (6) 1.] But really proper-oriented anyone will be take time to fool around with harmless conditions whenever meeting a person with eg conditions. It “should not chat ones similar to this: ‘He has comes otherwise leprosy, an such like [adding the newest terminology revealed a lot more than]; his give was slash, otherwise their legs, nostrils, ear canal, lip try cut.’ To possess once the all of the these people, spoken to in such vocabulary, end up being resentful, and this, offered better, they need to perhaps not keep in touch with them this kind of vocabulary.” (I: 152-53) [Bk II, (4) dos.] – The Uttaradhyayana Sutra (during the Vol. II) as well as notes handicap with age, “In case the human body expands dated, as well as your locks transforms white, the efficacy of the ears decrease”, likewise toward eyes, nose, tongue, reach (II: p. 44) [section X]. – The fresh Sutrakritanga Sutra (for the Vol. II) says during the passing the latest “blind-born guy” (p. 243), and you may “guys exactly who walk-on crutches” (p. 269). Monks hankering once matrimony is informed of one’s dreadful disablement away from you to definitely condition: are bought about away from dawn right until midnight from the wife, in addition to remaining portion of the evening soothing newborns and you will laundry the nappies (pp. 275-78). Monks whom indulge in erotic delights was promised still worse discomfort after they pass away; and then they “would-be created deaf-and-dumb, otherwise blind [footnote: both blind because of the beginning, otherwise definitely stupid otherwise unaware], otherwise stupid by beginning.” (p. 363; equivalent into pp. 367, 430) [Bk 2 (2); and you can 2 (7)].